Book research!!!

Books that I looked at which are useful:

Makinnon,Kenneth (2003) : Representing Men: Maleness and Masculinity in the Media. London, Arnold.

This helps for the representations of heroes.

Mulvey, Laura (1989) : Visual and other pleasures. Basingstoke, mackmillan.

This helps for how the audience view the text so in my case it would be how children and family view the text.

Brod, Harry (1987) : The making of masculinities: the new men’s studies. Boston and London, Allen and Unwin.

This helps for the representation of heroes.

Neale, Steve (2002) : Genre and contemporary Hollywood. UK,BFI.

This is useful as it talks about the genre of animation and as my main text is a hybrid of adventure, fantasy and comedy

Gauntlett, David (2004) Media, gender and ethnicity. London, Routledge.

This book is useful as the gender bit will be useful as it ties in wit the roles of heroes and heroines.

Lacey, Nick (2002) : Narrative and genre, New York, Palgrave

this helped as it explained propps and levi strauss theory.

Tasker, Yvonne (2004) : Action and adventure cinema, USA, Routledge

this was a bit helpful as it talked about adventure which is one of the sub genres in shrek 2.

Branston, Gill and Stafford, Roy (2003) : The media studies student’s book- third edition. Usa, Routledge
This had a paragraph about shrek which was useful.

Tim o Sullivan, Brian Dutton and Philip Rayner (2003) : Studying the media (3rd edition) London, Arnold

this was useful as it talked about repesentation and had stuff about hollywood.

Simpson, Paul (2004) : the rough guide to kids' movies. New York, rough guides.

this has been the most useful book so far it talks about the diffrent genres and its got a lot of texts i could make reference to.

Books I am going to look at:

Gifford, dennis (1988) : the great cartoon stars: a who's who. UK, Bloomsbury Books.

Barrier, Micheal : Hollywood cartoons: American animation in its golden age

Giannalberto, Bendazzi : Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation

Lacey, Nick : Introduction to Film

Maltby, Richard (1995) : Hollywood Cinema

Cook, Pam and Bernink, Meike (1999) : The cinema book. UK, BFI

Ross, Mandy (2002) : Changing Role of Women. Great Britain, Heinemann library.

The initials "SKG"(in the DreamWorks logo) stand for the company's co-founders:
(Dreamworks' hopeful founders in 1994: From left, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Steven Spielberg and David Geffen)
Spielberg (film director and founder of Amblin Entertainment),
Katzenberg (former head of The Walt Disney Company's film studios),
Geffen (founder of Geffen Records)

DreamWorks Animation SKG is an American animation studio, producing primarily feature animated films. DreamWorks Animation was formed by the merger of the feature animation division of DreamWorks SKG and Pacific Data Images (also known as PDI). Originally formed under the banner of DreamWorks SKG, it was spun-off into a separate public company in 2004.


Its films are currently distributed by Paramount Pictures (in turn owned by Viacom) who acquired the rest of DreamWorks SKG in February of 2006. DreamWorks Animation maintains two studios: the original DreamWorks feature animation studio in Glendale, California and the PDI studio in Redwood City, California in the Silicon Valley region.

In 1997, DreamWorks SKG signed a co-production deal with PDI to form PDI's subsidiary PDI, LLC (PDI owned 60% of PDI, LLC while DreamWorks SKG owned 40%). PDI, LLC would produce computer-generated feature films beginning with Antz (1998). In the same year DreamWorks SKG produced The Prince of Egypt using traditional animation techniques.


In 2000, DreamWorks SKG created a new business division, DreamWorks Animation, that would regularly produce both types of animated feature films.
The traditionally animated feature films were produced by the division's Southern California branch. DreamWorks SKG acquired majority interest (90%) in PDI, reforming it into PDI/DreamWorks, the Northern California branch of its new business division.
The business division separated from its parent in 2004, forming DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and purchasing the remaining interest in PDI as well as its subsidiary PDI, LLC.
Since 2004, DreamWorks Animation is dedicated solely to producing CG animated films in-house. No more traditional 2D animation is expected.


DreamWorks Animation also has a partnership with Aardman Animations, a stop-motion animation company in Bristol, England. This partnership has DreamWorks participating in the produciton of stop-motion films in Bristol, and also has Aardman participating in some of the CG films made in the US.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation_SKG

The only major studios DreamWorks have not co-released movies with are :

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

and

Walt Disney Pictures.

this is not surprising, given Disney's hostile relations with DreamWorks co-founder Katzenberg: when Disney’s then-second in command, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash, CEO Michael Eisner refused to promote Katzenberg, firing him after he pushed the issue. Katzenberg then filed a lawsuit against Disney to recover money he felt he was owed and settled out of court for an estimated $100 - $250 million (the actual amount remains secret).

representation of the big bad wolf:

A mixture of the Wolf in Little Red Riding Hood, and The Three Little Pigs. He is a friendly misunderstood crossdresser (apparently wearing Lil Red's grandmother's clothes) and on good terms with the three little pigs. This depiction, along with a transgendered bartender and Pinocchio's expansive nose in Shrek 2, raised the anger of some conservative groups who objected the film's sexual content. However, these concerns were widely made fun of in the media. In Far Far Away Idol he sings "Hungry Like the Wolf". In Shrek 2 Fairy Godmother calls him a gender confused Wolf. His line when every one looks at him confused is, "What?".

BLOG BUDDIES

my blog buddies from 13c is anika and kiran

I think my study is sort of similar to anikas as in her one she talks about women superheroes and my study mentions heroines.It also shares the same sub-genre as mine as her main text includes fantasy elements

Furthermore, we looked at similar site on women representation for instance http://mediaknowall.com/gender.html#Femininity

Keywords that overlap with both are studies are:
A- List ,Femme fatale, Stereotype,Marxist feminism,Narrative and Protagonist

In her text it shows women playing and active role similar to shrek 2 Fiona doesn’t play a passive role as she does martial arts in the begin of the film when Shrek is hanging upside down

What I learnt from looking at anika’s blog is a website which talks about women superheroes and how they are very rarely portrayed as superheroes and often played the helpless female who had to depend on the man's strength to resolve the problem. The male superheroes were constantly coming to the aid of a female and even when the female comic book superhero teamed up with her male counterpart she always took orders from him.

and

The drawing of the women in the comic books had an effect on how successful the titles were. Those that were portrayed with curvaceous figures and were very beautiful were more successful than the women who were drawn as ordinary people

This is useful as animation and comic books are similar and it could link in with how in Shrek 2 Fiona’s body as ogre is not slim and neither is fairy godmothers yet the film is still successful.

The keywords that overlap mine and kiran’s studies are:
Binary Opposition, Empathy, Fantasy, Gender, Hero, Propp, Vladimir (1895-1970), Adventure Film, Althusser, Louis (1918-90) and Blockbuster

More similarities are both our primary target audiences are children and both our main texts shares fantasy and Adventure elements. The institution that produces Spiderman Is a big budget Hollywood institution called Columbia pictures which frequently co-financed and co-distributed films with DreamWorks SKG however DreamWorks animation is an independent institution which has not collaborated with any other institutions.

What I learnt from looking at kiran’s blog is a website that could be quite useful
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/realrev.html

This is useful as its a university essay that talks about how children watch the media, and how they intake it. This will be useful to my study as my hypothesis mentions the target audience of my main text which is shrek 2.

from 13d my blog buddie is kavita

Kavita’s study talks about how the different character roles such as hero and villain segregates the black people from the white and so the representation of black people is a major issue in the American serial drama. It’s sort of similar in Shrek 2 as there are prejudice issues and in my study I am going to talk about how heroes and heroines are typical represented in contemporary animation so they overlap as we both will be looking at Propp’s theory on character roles.

Moreover, both texts are set in America

The keywords which I probably going to be using which are the same as hers are:

Stock character

Protagonist

Genre:

Genre Theory: Narrative theory: Propp, Vladamir (1895- 1970):


What I learnt from looking at her blog is about A Russian Formalist theorist, Viktor Shklovsky-Who is like Propp split narrative structure into story and plot.

10 key words

CELEBRITIES
An individual who has become the focus of media attention and is therefore widely known and recognised by the public.
Celebrities used in Shrek 2:

Cameron Diaz as princess Fiona


Mike Myers as Shrek


Eddie Murphy as donkey


Antonio Banderas as puss in boots


Julie Andrews as the queen

CGI-computer generate imagery
The application of computer software to generate a film image

DEVIANCE
Behaviour that “divates”(turns away) from the norm or that which is generally accepted within a socieity. In shrek 2 shrek disrepects the king and queen when he goes to their castle by burping.

DOMINANT IDEOLOGY
The belief systhem that serves the intreasts of the dominant ruling elite within society, generally accepted as common sense by the majority and reproduced in mainstream media texts.
Dominant ideology establishes a hegemonic postion in society which is reinforced by media representations and is consequently diffcult to challenge.
The term arrives from a marxist theory and is addressed in detail in the work of Gramsci,Althusser and Hall.

HEGEMONIC READING
A response to a text in which the reader shares the value systhem of the text and accepts the perferred reading without question.

ELITE
A small group in a society which claims leadership privilages as a result of expertise in terms of knowledge/skill,in a particular field.
Elites exisits in broadcasting institutions where they are determine programme content and representations .
In terms of audience,elites may be viewed as sought-after niche markets
ELITISM is the practise of seperating from the masses through claims of specialists knowledge/ability.

FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS
Marxist term for the effect of dominant ideology on the awareness of workers with regard to their real economic and local capitalism.

FANTASY
A genre built around an artificially constructed reality which could never exisit in real life,often involving classical mythology/fairytales.

GENRE THEORY
An explanation of the role played by genre in a diffrentiating media texts and aligning audiences. Genre theorists consider the relationship between audiences,media texts and media producers and the ways in which genre,particulary in film,can be used by producers to target specific audience groups,with predictable expectations of audience numbers and responses.
e.g RICHARD DYER (1973) argues that genres are pleasurable because they offer escapist fantasies into fictional worlds which remove the boredom and pressures of reality. He sees these worlds as utopian,offering the audience abundance,energy,excitiment,spontaneity and community-none of which are present in their everyday lives.

GRAMSCI,ANTONIO (1871-1937)
Leader of the italian communist party, imprisoned by Benito Mussolini from 1926 until his death in 1937.
Gramsci used the term hegemony to describe the way in which the dominant elite can maintain its power over the economic,political and cultural direction of society.
The values that sustain elites in power are reproduced every day by the media and made to seem like the common sense views id the majority, so that any challenge to them is marginalised.

representation of princess Fiona(heroine)

Princess Fiona is initially portrayed as the archetypal (typical) princess from fairy tales, speaking formally in matters of courtship and presenting high expectations of how she is to be rescued, who is to rescue her, and so forth. Later, Princess Fiona's true self emerges, as she's really a very down-to-earth woman who burps, is a loyal friend, and unlike princesses of fairy tales, expertly fights in hand-to-hand combat with martial arts skills.

'Self-Directed Research'

• Representations of women across all media
• Representations of men across all media
• The budget of hoodwinked and shrek 2
• SHEP in the 1950s
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villains#Villains_from_animated_films
  villians in animation
• http://film.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/Critic_Review/Guardian_Film_of_the_week/0,,1251483,00.html#article_continue
• http://www.kamera.co.uk/reviews_extra/shrek_2.php
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2004/06/24/shrek_2_2004_review.shtml
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3726323.stm
  reviews on shrek 2

• http://www.filmeducation.org/primary/animation/history.html the history of animation

• http://www.brown.edu/Courses/FR0133/Fairytale_Generator/propp.html

• representation of princess fiona
• institution research
• representation of the big bad wolf
• http://www.allisonmedia.net/downloads/Year_12/Representation.pdf

this site is useful as it exmplains representation and the diffrent types of sterotypes,mediation and diffrent ways of representation.talks a bit about ideolgy aswell

Textual analysis for a scene in Shrek 2: When Shrek and his friends are trying to get into the castle.

Breif summary of the scene I am analysing:
As Shrek rides Mongo to the castle to break in, Prince Charming begins dancing with Fiona and forcibly trying to kiss her (to activate the love potion), but she keeps rebuffing him. Shrek makes it into the castle (though Mongo is doused with boiling milk and falls into the moat), and with Puss and Donkey races his way to the courtyard where the ball takes place. The castle knights give chase, and Puss falls back to repay his debt to Shrek by holding them off so that Shrek may continue.Just as Charming is about to kiss Fiona, Shrek arrives and stops them, enraging the Fairy Godmother.


One of the techniques used in this scene is slow motion it is used when Mongo is drowning this is done to help the primary audience who are children understand that something bad is happening and to create empathy for Gingy. The cinematography used in the scene is a big close up of Shrek which is then into a long shot while the parallel off-screen sound of “I need a hero” is sang by the fairy godmother which is parallel to the action we see (Shrek riding on a white horse which reinforces the stereotypes of a typical hero) this is done to help the younger audience identify with Shrek as he is the one playing the role of a hero. It can also be seen as ironic as fairy godmother is singing the song.


The representation of fairy godmother is challenged as they portray her as glamorous, conviving and selfish women. Moreover, in the beginning of this scene she is shown wearing a blue dress that could relate to the fairy godmother in “Cinderella” this is done so the older audience can recognise this and see the binary opposition, as the fairy godmother in “Cinderella” is perceived as good however the fairy godmother in Shrek 2 is represented as bad. Slightly after her dress changes to red which could be interrupted as her being the villain as red could connote evil/bad. On the other hand, it could connote passion and demonstrate that she is trying to be a matchmaker.


The expectations of puss in boots is subverted as at first they show a point of view high angle shot of the audience and the knights looking down on him with parallel music playing in the background to trick us into thinking he is cute and innocent but after a little while he starts fighting with the guards/knights by himself which shows that he is really tough and not weak. By taking on the knights puss in boots demonstrates how he plays the role of the “helper”.


DreamWorks tends to challenge stereotypical roles by mocking Disney for example when the gate is dropped open the three little pigs and the wolf are working together and cheering this also shows it is a parody of “the three little pigs”. Moreover, as DreamWorks is an American institution it reinforces American hegemony. The secondary audience for Shrek 2 are young adults so they use quite a lot of adult humour in the film. Furthermore, as DreamWorks is a big American institution they had spent a lot of money making Shrek and Shrek 2 whereas other CGI films such as “Hoodwinked” had been produced cheaply.


The narrative pleasures the audience have in this scene are suspense as you are wondering whether Shrek will make it in time to rescue Fiona from Prince Charming. Identification with Shrek is another narrative pleasure the audience feel as they use a point view shot when the knights from the castle are throwing the fireballs at Shrek and Mongo.

Representations of women across all media tend to highlight the following:
· beauty (within narrow conventions)
· size/physique (again, within narrow conventions)
· sexuality (as expressed by the above)
· emotional (as opposed to intellectual) dealings
· relationships (as opposed to independence/freedom)

Women are often represented as being part of a context (family, friends, colleagues) and working/thinking as part of a team. In drama, they tend to take the role of helper (Propp) or object, passive rather than active. Often their passivity extends to victimhood (see the discussion of the misogynistic PantyRaider below). Men are still represented as TV drama characters up to 3 times more frequently than women, and tend to be the predominant focus of news stories.

The representations of women that do make it onto screen do tend to be stereotypical, in terms of conforming to societal expectations, and characters who do not fit into the mould tend to be seen as dangerous and deviant.

Discussions of women's representation in the media tend to revolve around the focus on physical beauty to the near-exclusion of other values, the lack of powerful female role models, and the extremely artificial nature of such portrayals, which bear little or no relation to the reality experience by women across the planet.

'Masculinity' is a concept that is made up of more rigid stereotypes than femininity. Representations of men across all media tend to focus on the following:
· Strength - physical and intellectual
· Power
· Sexual attractiveness (which may be based on the above)
· Physique
· Independence (of thought, action)
Male characters are often represented as isolated, as not needing to rely on others (the lone hero). If they capitulate to being part of a family, it is often part of the resolution of a narrative, rather than an integral factor in the initial equilibrium. It is interesting to note that the male physique is becoming more important a part of representations of masculinity. 'Serious' Hollywood actors in their forties (eg Willem Dafoe, Kevin Spacey) are expected to have a level of 'buffness' that was not aspired to even by young heart-throbs 40 years ago (check out Connery in Thunderball 1965).
Increasingly, men are finding it as difficult to live up to their media representations as women are to theirs. This is partly because of the increased media focus on masculinity - think of the burgeoning market in men's magazines, both lifestyle and health - and the increasing emphasis on even ordinary white collar male workers (who used to sport their beergut with pride) having the muscle definition of a professional swimmer. Anorexia in teenage males has increased alarmingly in recent years, and recent high school shootings have been the result of extreme bodyconsciousness among the same demographic group.
As media representations of masculinity become more specifically targeted at audiences with product promotion in mind (think of the huge profits now made from male fashion, male skin & haircare products, fitness products such as weights, clothing etc), men are encouraged (just as women have been for many years) to aspire to be like (to look/behave in the same way) the role models they see in magazines. This is often an unrealistic target to set, and awareness of this is growing.Whilst some men are concerned about living up to the ideal types represented in magazines, others are worried by what they perceive as an increasing anti-male bias in the media.

Hoodwinked is an ultra low budget affair compared to the average 3D CGI-animated film (it was shot for a reported 15 million vs 70 to 90 million for films like Finding Nemo or Shrek 2). If you want a fairer comparison in terms of animation quality, you'd have to look at something like Jimmy Neutron (30 million budget).

a review i found on: Hoodwinked
Friday, September 29 2006, 14:30 UTC - by Daniel Saney
Director: Cory EdwardsScreenwriter: Cory Edwards
Starring: Anne Hathaway, Glenn Close, James Belushi, Patrick Warburton
Running time: 81 mins Certificate: U

An interesting twist on the story of Red Riding Hood, Hoodwinked sees amphibious detective Nicky Flippers (David Ogden Stiers) questioning Red (Hathaway), the woodsman (Belushi), the wolf (Warburton), and Red's granny (Close), prompting flashbacks explaining how the four came together on the famous night. Which, if any of them, is responsible for a spree of Goodie recipe thefts? Presented in the style of a detective movie, Hoodwinked opens as Red Riding Hood is shocked to find a wolf in place of her grandmother and a manic woodsman crashing through the window. We then see the story coming from four different perspectives, and this is cleverly done, effectively keeping the interest of the adults whilst also being clear enough so as not to confuse children - even if the talk of APBs and such will fly over their heads.Despite a promising premise, however, there are a couple of hiccups in its execution. Firstly, and most obviously, is the quality of the animation, which looks a good few years behind the times. In a sense it's quirky and not completely without charm, but in the current climate of output from Pixar and DreamWorks Animation, Hoodwinked isn't the visual treat that audiences have come to expect. Since a fair proportion of the enjoyment gleaned from animated films is their aesthetic appeal, this is hardly a trivial grumble. The script isn't all it could have been but it does the job. While it does provoke a fair few chuckles, it's not the laugh-a-minute experience offered by the likes of the thematically-comparable Shrek. Some fun has been had with the characters' makeovers - the wolf is a sardonic reporter, Red's a martial arts champion and granny lives for extreme sports - although it's quite often the minor characters who are blessed with the better lines. One of the more memorable of them is the thankfully sparingly-used Twitchy, a hyperactive squirrel closely related to Over The Hedge's Hammy. Although not the most entertaining of its kind, and certainly not the best-looking, Hoodwinked is consistently interesting and original, and at a manageable 80 minutes it manages to remain enjoyable throughout and avoids stretching the material too far.

http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/article/ds37492.html

my powerpoint presentation

Propp -
Character Roles

1.The villain (struggles against the hero)

2.The helper (helps the hero in the quest)
3.The princess (person the hero marries, often sought for during the narrative)
4.Her father
5.The hero or victim/ seeker hero, reacts to the donor, weds the princess

Todorov –
Narrative
structure

• Starts of with and equilibrium – Shrek and Fiona on their honeymoon
• The dis-equilibrium begins when they receive and invation from
  Fiona's parents
• The resolution when Shrek and Fiona are accepted my the people in
  “far far away”

Feminism

The historical texts I have chosen to look at are snow white and the seven dwarf,
Cinderella and sleeping beauty and in these texts the villains are all women
although they are playing a active role they are portrayed as evil. Moreover,
Cinderella, snow white and Bella all play the role of damsel in distress who
are waiting for a prince to come and save them which reinforces patriarchy.
Furthermore they take on a role to please men for example in snow white
The evil Queen is extremely beautiful and vain. She seduced and married
a widowed King.

binary oppostions in shrek 2

shrek vs fairygodmother

good vs evil

hero vs villian

male vs female

Economic context:
Shrek 2 is more expensive to produce as the characters in the film are 3D
compared to films like Cinderella where they characters are 2D.

Social context:
fairy godmothers who are usually women, who are typically represented as being motherly and caring. However, these days, women are
not like that as you get women abandoning their babies.

villians in my historical texts

The villain in this sleeping beauty is:
Maleficent -The wicked dark fairy
(Maleficent is a Latin-derived word
meaning harmful or
evil.)

Maleficent was often surrounded by eerie green flames implying that she had phenomenal powers of evil at her disposal
She dresses in black and her pet raven
Is black which reinforces to the audience
She is a villain as black connotes bad/evil.

the villian in cinderella is lady tremine

She also owned a very stubborn,
malicious cat named Lucifer, who
connotes her personality. Lady
Tremaine is represented as a bitter,
cruel, and selfish woman determined to
forward her own interests as well as that
of her daughters.

The villain of snow white and the seven dwarfs is The evil queen also known as
“Queen Grimhilde”

The 1950s – SHEP

Perhaps one of the things which most characterizes the 1950's was the strong element of conservatim and anticommunist feeling which ran throughout much of society. One of the best indicators of the conservative frame of mind was the addition of the phrase "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance. Religion was seen as an indicator of anti-communism. Fifties clothing was conservative. Men wore gray flannel suits and women wore dresses with pinched in waists and high heels. French fashion designers such as Dior, Channel and Givenchy were popular and copied in America. Families worked together, played together and vacationed together at family themed entertainment areas like national parks and the new Disneyland. Gender roles were strongly held, girls played with Barbie dolls and Dale Evans gear, boys with Roy Rogers and Davy Crockett paraphernalia.Drive-in movies became popular for families and teens. Cars were seen as an indicator of prosperity and cool-ness. Highways were built to take people quickly from one place to another, by-passing small towns and helping to create central marketing areas or shopping malls such as Sharpstown Mall, Gulfgate Mall and Meyerland Plaza in Houston. Fashion successes were Bill Blass and his blue jeans, poodle skirts made of felt and decorated with sequins and poodle appliques, pony tails for girls, and flat tops and crew cuts for guys. Teenagers were defined as a separate generation and were represented by James Dean who wore blue jeans in Rebel Without a Cause and created a fashion and attitude sensation. Activities we liked were flying saucer watching , and watching and dancing to Dick Clark's American Bandstand . Fad hits with kids were toys like hula hoops and Hopalong Cassidy guns and western gear, Davy Crockett coon skin hats and silly putty .

Important Historic and Cultural Events
(1950195119521953195319531954195419551955195619581959)
- President Harry Truman ( 'til 1952) approves production of the hydrogen bomb and Sends air force and navy to Korea in June. - Transcontinental television begins with a speech by Pres. Truman.- The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 is signed, removing racial and ethnic barriers to becoming a U.S. citizen.- Dwight D. Eisenhower is President until 1961- Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are electrocuted for their part in W.W.II espionage. - Fighting ends in Korea. - U. S. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins televised hearings into alleged Communists in the army. - Racial segregation is ruled unconstitutional in public schools by the U.S. Supreme Court. - Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama. - The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merge making the new AFL-CIO an organization with 15 million members. - The federal Highway Act is signed, marking the beginning of work on the interstate highway system. Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for polio - Explorer I, the first U.S. satellite, successfully orbits the earth. December 10, 1958 - The first domestic jet-airline passenger service is begun by National Airlines between New York City and Miami. - Alaska and Hawaii become the forty-ninth and fiftieth states.

DATES

1950
India gives votes to women.


1951
The American photographer Eve Arnold is the first woman to work for the celebrated Magnum photographic agency.

1953
American aviator Jacqueline Cochrane (1910 - 1980) is the first woman to break the sound barrier.

1953
Equal pay is introduced for women teachers.

1953
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (1900- 1990) becomes the first woman president of the United Nations General Assembly.

1955
Barbara Mandell is the first woman to read the news on ITN.

1955
Rosa Parkes (born 1913) makes history on 1 December when she refuses to give up her seat to a white man on a bus, in Montgomery, Alabama. This sparks off the black civil rights movement in America.

1955
On 13 July convicted murderer Ruth Ellis is the last woman to be hanged in Britain.



1956
Egypt and Tunisia give votes to women.

http://marlowmedia.co.uk/

http://www.katpad.co.uk/media%20website%202000/genre.html

http://www.filmeducation.org/primary/animation/index.html

http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Sections/film.html

http://us.imdb.com/

http://www.rottentomatoes.com/

http://www.afi.com/

http://film.guardian.co.uk/patterson/story/0,,1779015,00.html

http://mediaknowall.com/gender.html

http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.01/4.01pages/bevilacquaceleb.php3

http://www.apple.com/trailers/dreamworks/shrek_2/
http://www.dreamworksanimation.com/dwa/opencms/movies/movie_shrek2.html
trailer to shrek 2

Adventure film: is one of the sub genres in Shrek 2. It is a film genre where the characters are placed in an exciting and often dangerous location far away from home. For example in Shrek 2 when Shrek goes to “far far away” to meet Fiona’s parents. Characters frequently face physical challenges for instance when Shrek has to break out of jail and rescue Fiona from Prince Charming. Adventure films are usually produced for family entertainment with a range of characters to appeal to all ages, genders and ethnicities.


DreamWorks: digital animation film and television production and distribution company founded by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenburg and David Geffen in 1994, a rival to Disney and producer of Shrek and Shrek 2 (Andrew Adamson, 2001 and 2004)


Femme fatale: a female character who uses her sexuality often in a devious, disreputable, secretive ways, to achieve the ends she desires. An example of this is in snow white and the seven dwarfs, the evil queen is extremely beautiful and vain and in the film she seduces the widowed king.


Hero: the principal male or female protagonist in any narrative, with whom the audience identifies and who exhibits moral virtues in line with dominant ideology. In shrek 2 Shrek is the hero.


Representation: the process whereby the media construct versions of people, places and events in images, words or sound for transmission through media texts to an audience.
Representations provide models of how we see gender, social groups, individuals and aspects of the world we all inhabit. They are ideological in that they are constructed within a framework of values and beliefs. Representations are therefore mediated and reflect the value system of their sources. No representation is ever real, only a version of the real.
Representations are part of cultural mythology and reflect deep-seated values and beliefs for example of such places the north of England, Scotland and America.Representation is the key to many media debates as is usually described as being positive or negative, depending on the view of the group being represented. Achieving positive representations has been a goal of minority groups who have criticised the perceived negativity of media stereotypes for example gays, ethnic minorities, religious minorities, disability and women.

http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31113553&postID=115823338021553577 ASHLEY

http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31412118&postID=115831139759284131 HEENA

http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=34031519&postID=115841489243453075 NAVDEEP

http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33429866&postID=115799930523285072 KAVITA

http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=32761268&postID=115711116571536374 SHERISH

media language:
The kingdom of Far, Far Away is Hollywood with stretch horse-drawn carriages instead of stretch limos, and the happy couple's arrival is covered like an Oscars red carpet telecast.which never offers anything dangerous or perceptive - just observation that it's glitzy, glamorous, and commercial.
The iconography of "sir justin" poster links to cameron diaz and justin timberlake's relationship in the real world and how Fiona's dream man would be justin timberlake simular to alot of teenage girls dream man.
Parallel sound is used when Shrek is going to find Fiona and he is riding on a white horse/ (donkey) and the diegetic sound is of the song lyrics saying “I need a hero” This is done to help the audience identify with Shrek.on the other hand as the fairy godmother is singing the song it makes it a bit ironic.
High key lighting
The name Shrek is taken from the Yiddish word שרעק (pronounced Shreck) meaning 'fear', 'terror', or (in its closest sense) 'fright', and the German "Schreck" with the same meaning

Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona pass a billboard of the Fairy Godmother that is similar to the Angelyne advertisements.

A sign similar to the Hollywood sign has the text "Far Far Away."

Also when they enter Far Far Away, Donkey's head with the palm tree background is a reference to Eddie Murphy's own Beverly Hills Cop.

While in bed, Fiona's mother reads a copy of "Kings Are from Mars, Queens Are from Venus", a play on Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus.

The Fairy Godmother visits a fast food restaurant named "Friar's Fat Boy", a reference to the US chain Frisch's Big Boy.

Puss in Boots inscribes the letter "P" into a tree using three strokes of his sword, parodying the character of Zorro where the callsign of the hero Zorro is slashing the letter "Z" using three sword strokes. Incidentally, Antonio Banderas, the actor voicing Puss in Boots, played Zorro in the 1998 film The Mask of Zorro.

In the scene where Shrek, Donkey and Puss in Boots arrive at the Fairy Godmother's office, she says "What in Grimm's name..."; a reference to the Brothers Grimm, who published collections of many fairy tales such as the ones used in this movie.

The arrival of guests on the red carpet at the royal ball show is being broadcast by "Medieval Entertainment" and is hosted by Joan Rivers, a reference to the E! Entertainment Channel, and to Joan herself, who usually interviews people arriving at the Oscars.

There is a visual spoof of Mission: Impossible when Pinocchio is lowered into the well.

Right after seeing the Fairy Godmother billboard, Shrek sits back in the chariot, and a "Burger Prince" logo can be seen on a building, a parody of Burger King, the fast-food emporium.


When the Fairy Godmother is ordering food at the Fast Food Restaurant she orders a Medieval Meal. This is a reference to McDonald's Happy Meal. The box of the Medieval Meal is also similar to the Happy Meal, although the paper crown that Charming wears refers to the Burger King crown.

In the scene where the group enters Far Far Away, there is a shot of hills and the Far Far Away sign. This scene is very much like the view of the Paramount Studios, except that there is actually the Hollywood Sign.



The love potion that the Fairy Godmother gives King Harold to give to Fiona is labeled "IX", a reference to the 1959 pop hit "Love Potion #9", by The Clovers.

There are numerous references to the King being a frog throughout the movie(as a parody of The Princess and the Frog. It could also be implied that they are the one and the same from the fairytale, except the frog is a bitter old king and they have a daughter and an ogre for a son-in-law):
He has a painting of his human self standing over a pond next to his bed.
His wife reminds him of their first date by the lake, their "first kiss"
His bedsheets and most of his furniture is leafy green.
A female frog in the bar asks him, "Don't I know you from somewhere?"
At the ball, the King and Queen are seated in front of a screen that has a painting of a pond with water lillies on it.
He turned into an actual frog by the Fairygodmother's spell.


Movie name Real name

Romeo Drive Rodeo Drive

Farbucks Coffee Starbucks Coffee

Burger Prince Burger King

Versarchery Versace

Saxon Fifth Avenue Saks Fifth Avenue

Old Knavery Old Navy

Tower of London Records London Records (or Tower Records)

Gap Queen The Gap

Banana Kingdom Banana Republic

Barneys Old York Barneys New York

Abercrombie & Witch Abercrombie & Fitch

Pewtery Barn Pottery Barn

Friar's Fat Boy Frisch's Big Boy

Baskin Robinhood Baskin Robbins

Armani Armoury Armani Exchange

Pork Illustrated Sports Illustrated


institutuion:
dreamworks- an American institution promotes American hegemony/American values, directed by: Andrew Adamson and Kelly Asbury, mainstream Hollywood film.

genre:
hybrid of animation, adventure, comedy, family, fantasy

Parodies in shrek 2

The introduction featuring a reading from a storybook is a reverence to a similar introduction in Disney's Sleeping Beauty.

The scene during the dinner with Fiona's parents where the camera cuts to different characters and they say each other's names is a reference to a similar scene in Rocky Horror Picture Show.

At the start of the movie, when Shrek is caught in a trap and hanging upside down, he lands in some mud that covers his face. Fiona wipes off the mud to reveal his mouth and kisses him. This is a spoof of the Spider-Man movie, where Spider-Man is hanging upside down and Mary Jane Watson half-takes off his mask and kisses him in the rain. Also, in a later scene, Donkey warns Shrek not to drink the potion by saying my donkey-sense is tingling , a reference to Spider-Man's "spider-sense


References to wizard of oz:The Fairy Godmother arrives at Fiona's balcony encased in a bubble à la Glinda the Good Witch. And when Donkey's caught in the rain, he says "I'm melting! I'm melting!"; the same line that the Wicked Witch said when she met her demise.


The Fairy Godmother's first song is reminiscent of "A Spoonful of Sugar", one of the songs from the music Mary Poppins, which starred Julie Andrews, who provides the voice of Fiona's mother in this film.

There are a few references to Disney's Beauty and the Beast: The toadstool that is splattered by the "Happily Ever After" potion transforms into the rose from that film as well.Dancing furniture looks remarkably similar to those in Beauty and the Beast.
The first visit to the Poison Apple by the king shows several characters:
Cyclops
Captain Hook from Peter Pan
Dwarves fighting from Snow White.
Pirates
Haunted Ents
The Headless Horseman from The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
An ugly stepsister from Cinderella

Tinkerbell appears in the end of the movie dancing with Gingy.

When Shrek, Donkey and Puss in Boots escape from the potion storeroom in the Fairy Godmother's factory, Puss quickly reaches under the door to rescue his hat, as Indiana Jones does in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.

At Shrek's house in the swamp, the Gingerbread Man — bored with watching the royal ball show — tells his fairy tale friends to flip over to "Wheel of Torture", which is a parody of Wheel of Fortune.
When the giant gingerbread man, Mongo, is "born", the little Gingerbread Man says "It's alive!": a reference to Frankenstein.

Puss in Boots sits in a chair and douses himself with water, just like Jennifer Beals did in Flashdance.

Pinocchio imitates Michael Jackson's famous "Billie Jean" dance routine on the dance floor during the ball scene.

When the potion that Shrek stole from the Fairy Godmother takes effect, a maiden gives him a pail of water and says her name is Jill, an obvious reference to the nursery rhyme, Jack and Jill.When Shrek, Donkey, and Puss are arrested, the knights put pepper in his face, a play on pepper spray.

representation:
In Shrek 2, The Fairy Godmother starred as the main antagonist and was voiced by British comedian Jennifer Saunders. Like most characters in the Shrek films the Godmother's original personality was changed. Instead of being kind and helpful, she was really a scheming, conviving, showbiz sort of a woman, who only wants to get the best for herself and her son, rather than others. She would often resort of blackmail and trickery through magic to get her way.
the king is represented as a bit manipulative and cowardly however the audience still like/identify with him as he is doing the wrong things for the right reasons.
the representation of Shrek is challanged, as ogres are usally seen as villians however he is portrayed as a hero which subverts sterotypes and encourages the audience to identify with him.

audience:
target at children/family movie appeals to all ethnicities and genders. Narrative pleasures provided are entertainment, identification with main protagonist

ideolgy/values:
the message underpinning the text is not to be predjuice and judge people by their appearance.

narrative:
ends with a closed narrative,
Propp’s theory on character roles,
Todorov’s theory on narrative structure
The King and Queen of Far Far Away went to fairygodmother to get help for their daughter princess Fiona; she was enchanted with a fearsome curse that made her a monster during the night but normal during the day; the Fairy Godmother advised that she be put in a tower guarded by a Dragon until Prince Charming would come and rescue her.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villains#Villains_from_animated_films

villians in animation films

http://www.kamera.co.uk/reviews_extra/shrek_2.php

http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2004/06/24/shrek_2_2004_review.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3726323.stm

this is a review from the bbc website it sugests that shrek 2 is jus repetetive and formulaic

http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/film.jsp?id=126331&page=3

this is another review i read on shrek 2 and its very useful as talks a bit about media language like the iconography used and a bit about values and ideolgy.

http://www.filmeducation.org/primary/animation/history.html

this site is useful to me as it talks about the history of animation and it links in with my idependant study as it mentions a few of the texts im looking at for my independant study.this would also help for the historical context.

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/anthropology/Levi-Strauss.html

research i did on levi strauss it useful as it talks about binary oppositions.

http://www.brown.edu/Courses/FR0133/Fairytale_Generator/propp.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propp

these are the sites i looked at for my research on Propp

http://film.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/Critic_Review/Guardian_Film_of_the_week/0,,1251483,00.html#article_continue
this is a review from the guardian on shrek 2

http://film.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,,1245713,00.html
this site tells you who's who in shrek 2

http://www.mediaed.org.uk/posted_documents/Filmterms.html
this site is useful as it states the media terminology.